Bonn. Allergic diseases are common in dogs, with itching being the most noticeable symptom. With careful diagnostics and individually tailored therapy, affected dogs can lead a largely symptom-free life.
When the immune system overreacts
As the pollen season begins, pet owners often notice increased itching in their dogs. This can be caused by allergies. Allergies are one of the most common chronic diseases in small animal practice. The first symptoms often appear between the ages of six months and three years. Dogs of both sexes and all breeds can be affected, although individual breeds show an increased tendency to allergic skin diseases.
Itching, ear problems as warning signs
Persistent itching, red or inflamed skin, recurring ear infections and intensive licking or nibbling of the paws are among the classic signs. Many allergic diseases are seasonal and are related to environmental allergens such as pollen. One of the most common allergic reactions is flea saliva allergy, where even a single flea bite can cause severe itching. House dust mites or certain feed ingredients can also trigger an allergy.
Diagnostics as the basis for targeted therapy
A veterinary evaluation is crucial in order to narrow down the cause of the symptoms and rule out other illnesses. Parasitic infestations – especially fleas and mites – as well as secondary infections with bacteria or yeast fungi – can cause similar symptoms or increase allergic reactions. A careful diagnosis therefore forms the basis for a structured treatment concept.
Modern therapy options to control itching and inflammation
Modern veterinary medicines are available for the treatment of allergy-related complaints that effectively relieve itching and at the same time influence inflammatory processes in the skin. Seasonal or long-term treatment is often required. The available active ingredients differ in terms of their approach to action and their form of application. They can be used either as a tablet or as an injection. The decision about the most suitable option for each animal is made individually by the treating veterinarian. In selected cases, allergen-specific immunotherapy can be used (hyposensitization) should be considered in order to gradually accustom the immune system to the triggering allergens.
Comprehensive management supports long-term therapeutic success
Since allergic diseases are usually chronic, consistent and long-term management is required. The treatment is usually based on several pillars – medication options, allergen avoidance, local treatment with shampoos or sprays and nutritional supplements. This is then referred to as multimodal management or multimodal therapy.
In the case of flea saliva allergy, reliable parasite prophylaxis is an essential component. Flea saliva can trigger a severe allergic reaction even after a single bite.
Dietary measures can be useful, for example if a food allergy is suspected or to support the skin barrier. Regular skin and coat care also helps to stabilize skin health. The supplementation of skin-supporting nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, can also be part of a comprehensive care concept.
Close cooperation between veterinarians and animal owners as well as regular follow-up checks are crucial in order to adapt the measures as needed. With good and comprehensive care, affected dogs can lead an active and largely symptom-free life despite chronic allergies.
Federal Association for Animal Health (BfT)
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